RubyAlgebra/lib/ruby_algebra/parser.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

module RubyAlgebra
  module Parser
    # Токен выражения или команды
    class Token
      attr_reader :type

      def initialize; end
    end

    # Знак сложения
    class PlusToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :plus
      end
    end

    # Знак вычитания
    class MinusToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :minus
      end
    end

    # Знак умножения
    class MultiplyToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :mult
      end
    end

    # Знак деления
    class DivideToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :div
      end
    end

    # Знак возведения в степень
    class PowerToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :pow
      end
    end

    # Скобка
    class ParenthesisToken < Token
      attr_reader :closing

      def initialize(closing)
        super()
        @type = :paren
        @closing = closing
      end
    end

    # Знак присвоения :=
    class AssignmentToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :assign
      end
    end

    # Знак равенства =
    class EqualsToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :equals
      end
    end

    # Запятая
    class CommaToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :comma
      end
    end

    # Имя переменной или функции
    class IdentifierToken < Token
      attr_reader :symbol

      def initialize(symbol)
        super()
        @type = :id
        @symbol = symbol
      end

      def variable?
        @symbol.match?(/^\p{Ll}/)
      end
    end

    # Целое или дробное число
    class NumberToken < Token
      attr_reader :value

      def initialize(value)
        super()
        @type = :num
        @value = value
      end
    end

    # Специальный токен, означающий конец ввода
    class EndToken < Token
      def initialize
        super()
        @type = :end
      end
    end

    class TokenizerError < StandardError; end
    class ParserError < StandardError; end

    # Класс для разбора выражений на токены
    class Tokenizer
      attr_reader :lookahead

      def initialize(expr)
        @expr = expr
        @i = 0
        @lookahead = _next_token
      end

      def next_token
        token = @lookahead
        @lookahead = _next_token unless token.type == :end
        token
      end

      def _next_token
        loop do
          return EndToken.new unless @i < @expr.length
          c = @expr[@i]
          if c.match?(/\p{Alpha}/)
            j = @i + 1
            j += 1 while j < @expr.length && @expr[j].match?(/\p{Alnum}/)
            token = IdentifierToken.new(@expr[@i...j])
            @i = j
            return token
          elsif c.match(%r{[+\-*/^():,=]})
            token = nil
            case c
            when '+'
              token = PlusToken.new
            when '-'
              token = MinusToken.new
            when '*'
              token = MultiplyToken.new
            when '/'
              token = DivideToken.new
            when '^'
              token = PowerToken.new
            when '('
              token = ParenthesisToken.new(false)
            when ')'
              token = ParenthesisToken.new(true)
            when ','
              token = CommaToken.new
            when '='
              token = EqualsToken.new
            end
            @i += 1
            if c == ':' && @expr[@i] == '='
              token = AssignmentToken.new
              @i += 1
            end
            return token
          elsif c.match?(/\p{Digit}|\./)
            j = @i + 1
            j += 1 while j < @expr.length && @expr[j].match?(/\p{Digit}|\./)
            s = @expr[@i...j]
            @i = j
            fl = s.count '.'
            raise TokenizerError, 'malformed number' if fl > 1
            return fl.zero? ? NumberToken.new(s.to_i) : NumberToken.new(s.to_f)
          elsif c == ' '
            @i += 1
          else
            raise TokenizerError, "unrecognized character '#{c}'"
          end
        end
      end
    end

    def self.parse_command(expr)
      tokenizer = Tokenizer.new(expr)

      n = tokenizer.lookahead
      if n.type == :id && !n.variable?
        left_hand_side = tokenizer.next_token.symbol
      else
        return DisplayCommand.new(parse_polynomial(tokenizer))
      end

      if tokenizer.lookahead.type == :assign
        n = tokenizer.next_token
        operand1 = tokenizer.lookahead
        if operand1.type == :id && !operand1.variable?
          if operand1.symbol == 'Diff'
            tokenizer.next_token
            n = tokenizer.next_token
            unless n.type == :paren && n.closing == false
              raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected ("
            end
            n = tokenizer.lookahead
            if n.type == :id && !n.variable?
              tokenizer.next_token
              target = n.symbol
            else
              target = parse_polynomial(tokenizer)
            end
            diff_variables = []
            while tokenizer.lookahead.type == :comma
              tokenizer.next_token
              n = tokenizer.next_token
              unless n.type == :id && n.variable?
                raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected variable"
              end
              diff_variables << n.symbol
            end
            n = tokenizer.next_token
            unless n.type == :paren && n.closing == true
              raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected )"
            end
            unless tokenizer.next_token.type == :end
              raise ParserError, "unexpected token at the end"
            end
            return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :diff, target, diff_variables)
          elsif operand1.symbol == 'Subs'
            tokenizer.next_token
            n = tokenizer.next_token
            unless n.type == :paren && n.closing == false
              raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected ("
            end
            n = tokenizer.lookahead
            if n.type == :id && !n.variable?
              tokenizer.next_token
              target = n.symbol
            else
              target = parse_polynomial(tokenizer)
            end
            substitutions = {}
            while tokenizer.lookahead.type == :comma
              tokenizer.next_token
              n = tokenizer.next_token
              unless n.type == :id && n.variable?
                raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected variable"
              end
              variable = n.symbol
              unless tokenizer.next_token.type == :equals
                raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected ="
              end
              n = tokenizer.next_token
              unless n.type == :num
                raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected number"
              end
              substitutions[variable] = n.value
            end
            n = tokenizer.next_token
            unless n.type == :paren && n.closing == true
              raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected )"
            end
            unless tokenizer.next_token.type == :end
              raise ParserError, "unexpected token at the end"
            end
            return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :subs, target, substitutions)
          else
            tokenizer.next_token
            operator = tokenizer.next_token
            raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{operator.type}, expected +, -, * or /" unless [:plus, :minus, :mult, :div].include?(operator.type)

            operand2 = tokenizer.next_token
            unless ([:plus, :minus, :mult].include?(operator.type) && operand2.type == :id && !operand2.variable?) ||
                  ([:mult, :div].include?(operator.type) && operand2.type == :num)
              raise ParserError, 'unsupported operation or invalid syntax'
            end
            if operand2.type == :num
              if operator.type == :mult
                return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :scale, operand1.symbol, operand2.value)
              else
                return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :scale, operand1.symbol, 1.0 / operand2.value)
              end
            elsif operand2.type == :id
              case operator.type
              when :plus
                return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :add, operand1.symbol, operand2.symbol)
              when :minus
                return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :sub, operand1.symbol, operand2.symbol)
              when :mult
                return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :mult, operand1.symbol, operand2.symbol)
              end
            end
          end
        else
          return AssignmentCommand.new(left_hand_side, :assign, parse_polynomial(tokenizer), nil)
        end
      elsif tokenizer.lookahead.type == :comma
        n = tokenizer.next_token
        second_lhs = tokenizer.next_token
        unless second_lhs.type == :id && !second_lhs.variable?
          raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{second_lhs.type}, expected polynomial variable"
        end
        unless tokenizer.next_token.type == :assign
          raise ParserError, "unexpected token, expected :="
        end
        operand1 = tokenizer.next_token
        unless operand1.type == :id && !operand1.variable?
          raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{operand1.type}, expected polynomial variable"
        end
        unless tokenizer.next_token.type == :div
          raise ParserError, "unexpected token, expected /"
        end
        operand2 = tokenizer.next_token
        unless operand2.type == :id && !operand2.variable?
          raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{operand2.type}, expected polynomial variable"
        end
        return AssignmentCommand.new([left_hand_side, second_lhs.symbol], :div, operand1.symbol, operand2.symbol)
      elsif tokenizer.lookahead.type == :end
        return DisplayCommand.new(left_hand_side)
      else
        raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected ':=' or ','"
      end
    end

    def self.parse_polynomial(tokenizer)
      first_term_negative = false
      if tokenizer.lookahead.type == :plus || tokenizer.lookahead.type == :minus
        first_term_negative = tokenizer.lookahead.type == :minus
        tokenizer.next_token
      end
      first_term = parse_term(tokenizer)
      first_term *= -1 if first_term_negative
      terms = [first_term]
      while [:plus, :minus].include?(tokenizer.lookahead.type)
        sign = tokenizer.next_token.type == :plus ? +1 : -1
        terms << parse_term(tokenizer) * sign
      end
      Polynomial.new(terms)
    end

    def self.parse_term(tokenizer)
      n = tokenizer.lookahead
      unless n.type == :id && n.variable? || n.type == :num
        raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected number or variable"
      end
      if n.type == :num
        tokenizer.next_token
        coeff = n.value
        variables = {}
      else
        coeff = 1
        v = parse_variable_factor(tokenizer)
        variables = {v[0] => v[1]}
      end
      loop do
        n = tokenizer.lookahead
        unless n.type == :mult || n.type == :id && n.variable?
          break
        end
        v = parse_variable_factor(tokenizer)
        variables[v[0]] = v[1]
      end
      Term.new(coeff, variables)
    end

    def self.parse_variable_factor(tokenizer)
      n = tokenizer.lookahead
      tokenizer.next_token
      if n.type == :mult
        n = tokenizer.next_token
      end
      unless n.type == :id && n.variable?
        raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected variable"
      end
      variable = n.symbol
      if tokenizer.lookahead.type == :pow
        tokenizer.next_token
        unless tokenizer.lookahead.type == :num
          raise ParserError, "unexpected token #{n.type}, expected number"
        end
        power = tokenizer.next_token.value
      else
        power = 1
      end
      [variable, power]
    end
  end
end