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esp-idf/components/esp_partition/partition.c
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Xiao Xufeng 3d76ced5bb fix(mmap): fixed some API read wrong data via mmap when flash being erased/written while XIP on PSRAM 
Before:

The cache won't be disabled when XIP on psram. But during flash
erasing/programming, read data will be courrupt.

When XIP in psram is enabled, the image is not mapped to the cache so
usually there will be no flash access. The only way to read from flash
is via the driver or use mmap. The driver has protection during erasing,
while th mmap region not.

Now:

Mmap APIs provide a flag to make mmap->unmap region mutually exclusive
to flash erase/programming when XIP from psram. SPI Flash write APIs
will benefit from this. When the flag is used, no concurrent access to
mapped region will happen while writing; otherwise the cache will be
disable to avoid data corruption.

Most ESP-IDF APIs calls mmap with this flag. As for users calling
mmap-like APIs directly, they can choose whether to enable this by a
flag.

Closes https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/14897
2026-08-31 01:37:44 +08:00

567 lines
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/*
* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
/* interim to enable test_wl_host and test_fatfs_on_host compilation (both use IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
* should go back to #include "sys/queue.h" once the tests are switched to CMake
* see IDF-7000
*/
#if __has_include(<bsd/sys/queue.h>)
#include <bsd/sys/queue.h>
#else
#include "sys/queue.h"
#endif
#include "sdkconfig.h"
#include "esp_flash_partitions.h"
#include "esp_attr.h"
#include "esp_partition.h"
#include "esp_flash.h"
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
#include "esp_flash_encrypt.h"
#endif
#include "spi_flash_mmap.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "esp_rom_md5.h"
#include "bootloader_util.h"
#include "hal/efuse_hal.h"
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
#include "esp_private/partition_linux.h"
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
#define MMU_PAGE_SIZE CONFIG_MMU_PAGE_SIZE
#else
// No relation to the page size on Linux; assume the same value as on ESP32
#define MMU_PAGE_SIZE 65536
#endif // CONFIG_MMU_PAGE_SIZE
#ifndef NDEBUG
// Enable built-in checks in queue.h in debug builds
#define INVARIANTS
#endif
#define ALIGN_UP(num, align) (((num) + ((align) - 1)) & ~((align) - 1))
typedef struct partition_list_item_ {
esp_partition_t info;
bool user_registered;
SLIST_ENTRY(partition_list_item_) next;
} partition_list_item_t;
typedef struct esp_partition_iterator_opaque_ {
esp_partition_type_t type; // requested type
esp_partition_subtype_t subtype; // requested subtype
const char *label; // requested label (can be NULL)
partition_list_item_t *next_item; // next item to iterate to
esp_partition_t *info; // pointer to info (it is redundant, but makes code more readable)
} esp_partition_iterator_opaque_t;
static SLIST_HEAD(partition_list_head_, partition_list_item_) s_partition_list = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(s_partition_list);
static _lock_t s_partition_list_lock;
static const char *TAG = "partition";
static bool is_partition_encrypted(bool encryption_config, esp_partition_type_t type, esp_partition_subtype_t subtype)
{
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
(void) type;
(void) subtype;
(void) encryption_config;
return false;
#else
bool ret_encrypted = encryption_config;
if (!esp_flash_encryption_enabled()) {
/* If flash encryption is not turned on, no partitions should be treated as encrypted */
ret_encrypted = false;
} else if (type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_APP
|| (type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_BOOTLOADER)
|| (type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_PARTITION_TABLE)
|| (type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_DATA && subtype == ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_DATA_OTA)
|| (type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_DATA && subtype == ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_DATA_TEE_OTA)
|| (type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_DATA && subtype == ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_DATA_NVS_KEYS)) {
/* If encryption is turned on, all app partitions and OTA data
are always encrypted */
ret_encrypted = true;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_EFUSE_VIRTUAL_KEEP_IN_FLASH
// FE can be enabled in virt eFuses but not in real eFuses.
ret_encrypted &= efuse_hal_flash_encryption_enabled();
#endif
return ret_encrypted;
#endif
}
// Create linked list of partition_list_item_t structures.
// This function is called only once, with s_partition_list_lock taken.
static esp_err_t load_partitions(void)
{
const uint8_t *p_start;
const uint8_t *p_end;
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
spi_flash_mmap_handle_t handle;
#endif
// Temporary list of loaded partitions, if valid then we copy this to s_partition_list
typeof(s_partition_list) new_partitions_list = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(s_partition_list);
partition_list_item_t *last = NULL;
#if CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_MD5
const uint8_t *md5_part = NULL;
const uint8_t *stored_md5;
uint8_t calc_md5[ESP_ROM_MD5_DIGEST_LEN];
md5_context_t context;
esp_rom_md5_init(&context);
#endif
uint32_t partition_align_pg_size = (ESP_PARTITION_TABLE_OFFSET) & ~(MMU_PAGE_SIZE - 1);
uint32_t partition_pad = ESP_PARTITION_TABLE_OFFSET - partition_align_pg_size;
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
esp_err_t err = esp_partition_file_mmap(&p_start);
size_t mapped_size = ESP_PARTITION_EMULATED_SECTOR_SIZE;
#else
esp_err_t err = spi_flash_mmap(partition_align_pg_size,
SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE, SPI_FLASH_MMAP_FLAG_DATA | SPI_FLASH_MMAP_FLAG_BLOCKS_WRITE, (const void **)&p_start, &handle);
size_t mapped_size = SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE;
#endif
if (err != ESP_OK) {
return err;
}
// calculate partition address within mmap-ed region
p_start += partition_pad;
p_end = p_start + mapped_size;
for (const uint8_t *p_entry = p_start; p_entry < p_end; p_entry += sizeof(esp_partition_info_t)) {
esp_partition_info_t entry;
// copying to RAM instead of using pointer to flash to avoid any chance of TOCTOU due to cache miss
// when flash encryption is used
memcpy(&entry, p_entry, sizeof(entry));
#if CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_MD5
if (entry.magic == ESP_PARTITION_MAGIC_MD5) {
md5_part = p_entry;
break;
}
#endif
if (entry.magic != ESP_PARTITION_MAGIC) {
break;
}
#if CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_MD5
esp_rom_md5_update(&context, &entry, sizeof(entry));
#endif
// allocate new linked list item and populate it with data from partition table
partition_list_item_t *item = (partition_list_item_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(partition_list_item_t));
if (item == NULL) {
err = ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
break;
}
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
item->info.flash_chip = NULL;
#else
item->info.flash_chip = esp_flash_default_chip;
#endif
item->info.address = entry.pos.offset;
item->info.size = entry.pos.size;
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
item->info.erase_size = ESP_PARTITION_EMULATED_SECTOR_SIZE;
#else
item->info.erase_size = SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE;
#endif
item->info.type = entry.type;
item->info.subtype = entry.subtype;
item->info.encrypted = is_partition_encrypted(entry.flags & PART_FLAG_ENCRYPTED, entry.type, entry.subtype);
item->info.readonly = entry.flags & PART_FLAG_READONLY;
item->user_registered = false;
#if CONFIG_NVS_COMPATIBLE_PRE_V4_3_ENCRYPTION_FLAG
if (entry.type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_DATA &&
entry.subtype == ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_DATA_NVS &&
(entry.flags & PART_FLAG_ENCRYPTED)) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ignoring encrypted flag for \"%s\" partition", entry.label);
item->info.encrypted = false;
}
#endif
// item->info.label is initialized by calloc, so resulting string will be null terminated
strncpy(item->info.label, (const char *) entry.label, sizeof(item->info.label) - 1);
// add it to the list
if (last == NULL) {
SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&new_partitions_list, item, next);
} else {
SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(last, item, next);
}
last = item;
}
#if CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_MD5
if (md5_part == NULL) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No MD5 found in partition table");
err = ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
} else {
stored_md5 = md5_part + ESP_PARTITION_MD5_OFFSET;
esp_rom_md5_final(calc_md5, &context);
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP("calculated md5", calc_md5, ESP_ROM_MD5_DIGEST_LEN, ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP("stored md5", stored_md5, ESP_ROM_MD5_DIGEST_LEN, ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
#endif
if (memcmp(calc_md5, stored_md5, ESP_ROM_MD5_DIGEST_LEN) != 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Partition table MD5 mismatch");
err = ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
} else {
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Partition table MD5 verified");
}
}
#endif
if (err == ESP_OK) {
/* Don't copy the list to the static variable unless it's verified */
s_partition_list = new_partitions_list;
} else {
/* Otherwise, free all the memory we just allocated */
partition_list_item_t *it = new_partitions_list.slh_first;
while (it) {
partition_list_item_t *next = it->next.sle_next;
free(it);
it = next;
}
}
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
spi_flash_munmap(handle);
#endif
return err;
}
void esp_partition_unload_all(void)
{
_lock_acquire(&s_partition_list_lock);
partition_list_item_t *it;
partition_list_item_t *tmp;
SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(it, &s_partition_list, next, tmp) {
// Remove current head from the list and free it, new head is the next element
SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&s_partition_list, next);
free(it);
}
_lock_release(&s_partition_list_lock);
assert(SLIST_EMPTY(&s_partition_list));
}
static esp_err_t ensure_partitions_loaded(void)
{
esp_err_t err = ESP_OK;
if (SLIST_EMPTY(&s_partition_list)) {
// only lock if list is empty (and check again after acquiring lock)
_lock_acquire(&s_partition_list_lock);
if (SLIST_EMPTY(&s_partition_list)) {
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Loading the partition table");
err = load_partitions();
if (err != ESP_OK) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "load_partitions returned 0x%x", err);
}
}
_lock_release(&s_partition_list_lock);
}
return err;
}
static esp_partition_iterator_opaque_t *iterator_create(esp_partition_type_t type,
esp_partition_subtype_t subtype, const char *label)
{
esp_partition_iterator_opaque_t *it =
(esp_partition_iterator_opaque_t *) malloc(sizeof(esp_partition_iterator_opaque_t));
if (it == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
it->type = type;
it->subtype = subtype;
it->label = label;
it->next_item = SLIST_FIRST(&s_partition_list);
it->info = NULL;
return it;
}
esp_partition_iterator_t esp_partition_find(esp_partition_type_t type,
esp_partition_subtype_t subtype, const char *label)
{
if (ensure_partitions_loaded() != ESP_OK) {
return NULL;
}
// Searching for a specific subtype without specifying the type doesn't make
// sense, and is likely a usage error.
if (type == ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_ANY && subtype != ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_ANY) {
return NULL;
}
// create an iterator pointing to the start of the list
// (next item will be the first one)
esp_partition_iterator_t it = iterator_create(type, subtype, label);
if (it == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
// advance iterator to the next item which matches constraints
it = esp_partition_next(it);
// if nothing found, it == NULL and iterator has been released
return it;
}
esp_partition_iterator_t esp_partition_next(esp_partition_iterator_t it)
{
assert(it);
// iterator reached the end of linked list?
if (it->next_item == NULL) {
esp_partition_iterator_release(it);
return NULL;
}
_lock_acquire(&s_partition_list_lock);
for (; it->next_item != NULL; it->next_item = SLIST_NEXT(it->next_item, next)) {
esp_partition_t *p = &it->next_item->info;
if (it->type != ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_ANY && it->type != p->type) {
continue;
}
if (it->subtype != ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_ANY && it->subtype != p->subtype) {
continue;
}
if (it->label != NULL && strcmp(it->label, p->label) != 0) {
continue;
}
// all constraints match, bail out
break;
}
_lock_release(&s_partition_list_lock);
if (it->next_item == NULL) {
esp_partition_iterator_release(it);
return NULL;
}
it->info = &it->next_item->info;
it->next_item = SLIST_NEXT(it->next_item, next);
return it;
}
const esp_partition_t *esp_partition_find_first(esp_partition_type_t type,
esp_partition_subtype_t subtype, const char *label)
{
esp_partition_iterator_t it = esp_partition_find(type, subtype, label);
if (it == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
const esp_partition_t *res = esp_partition_get(it);
esp_partition_iterator_release(it);
return res;
}
void esp_partition_iterator_release(esp_partition_iterator_t iterator)
{
// iterator == NULL is okay
free(iterator);
}
const esp_partition_t *esp_partition_get(esp_partition_iterator_t iterator)
{
assert(iterator != NULL);
return iterator->info;
}
const esp_partition_t *esp_partition_verify(const esp_partition_t *partition)
{
assert(partition != NULL);
const char *label = (strlen(partition->label) > 0) ? partition->label : NULL;
esp_partition_iterator_t it = esp_partition_find(partition->type,
partition->subtype,
label);
while (it != NULL) {
const esp_partition_t *p = esp_partition_get(it);
/* Can't memcmp() whole structure here as padding contents may be different */
if (p->flash_chip == partition->flash_chip
&& p->address == partition->address
&& partition->size == p->size
&& partition->encrypted == p->encrypted) {
esp_partition_iterator_release(it);
return p;
}
it = esp_partition_next(it);
}
esp_partition_iterator_release(it);
return NULL;
}
esp_err_t esp_partition_register_external(esp_flash_t *flash_chip, size_t offset, size_t size,
const char *label, esp_partition_type_t type, esp_partition_subtype_t subtype,
const esp_partition_t **out_partition)
{
if (out_partition != NULL) {
*out_partition = NULL;
}
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
if (flash_chip == NULL) {
flash_chip = esp_flash_default_chip;
}
if (offset + size > flash_chip->size) {
return ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE;
}
#endif // CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
esp_err_t err = ensure_partitions_loaded();
if (err != ESP_OK) {
return err;
}
partition_list_item_t *item = (partition_list_item_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(partition_list_item_t));
if (item == NULL) {
return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
}
item->info.flash_chip = flash_chip;
item->info.address = offset;
item->info.size = size;
item->info.type = type;
item->info.subtype = subtype;
#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
item->info.erase_size = ESP_PARTITION_EMULATED_SECTOR_SIZE;
item->info.encrypted = false;
#else
item->info.erase_size = SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE;
item->info.encrypted = (flash_chip == esp_flash_default_chip) ? is_partition_encrypted(false, type, subtype) : false;
#endif // CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
item->info.readonly = false;
item->user_registered = true;
strlcpy(item->info.label, label, sizeof(item->info.label));
_lock_acquire(&s_partition_list_lock);
partition_list_item_t *it = NULL;
partition_list_item_t *last = NULL;
SLIST_FOREACH(it, &s_partition_list, next) {
/* Check if the new partition overlaps an existing one */
if (it->info.flash_chip == flash_chip &&
bootloader_util_regions_overlap(offset, offset + size,
it->info.address, it->info.address + it->info.size)) {
_lock_release(&s_partition_list_lock);
free(item);
return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
}
last = it;
}
if (last == NULL) {
SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s_partition_list, item, next);
} else {
SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(last, item, next);
}
_lock_release(&s_partition_list_lock);
if (out_partition != NULL) {
*out_partition = &item->info;
}
return ESP_OK;
}
esp_err_t esp_partition_deregister_external(const esp_partition_t *partition)
{
esp_err_t result = ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
_lock_acquire(&s_partition_list_lock);
partition_list_item_t *it;
partition_list_item_t *tmp;
SLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(it, &s_partition_list, next, tmp) {
if (&it->info == partition) {
if (!it->user_registered) {
result = ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
break;
}
SLIST_REMOVE(&s_partition_list, it, partition_list_item_, next);
free(it);
result = ESP_OK;
break;
}
}
_lock_release(&s_partition_list_lock);
return result;
}
esp_err_t esp_partition_copy(const esp_partition_t* dest_part, uint32_t dest_offset, const esp_partition_t* src_part, uint32_t src_offset, size_t size)
{
if (src_part == NULL || dest_part == NULL || src_part == dest_part) {
return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
}
if (src_offset > src_part->size || dest_offset > dest_part->size) {
return ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE;
}
// Check if the source partition is on external flash and return error
#if !CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX
if (src_part->flash_chip != esp_flash_default_chip) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Source partition is on external flash. Operation not supported.");
return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
}
#endif
size_t dest_erase_size = size;
if (size == SIZE_MAX) {
size = src_part->size - src_offset;
dest_erase_size = dest_part->size - dest_offset; // Erase the whole destination partition
}
uint32_t src_end_offset;
uint32_t dest_end_offset;
if ((__builtin_add_overflow(src_offset, size, &src_end_offset) || (src_end_offset > src_part->size))
|| (__builtin_add_overflow(dest_offset, size, &dest_end_offset) || (dest_end_offset > dest_part->size))) { // with overflow checks
return ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE;
}
esp_err_t error = esp_partition_erase_range(dest_part, dest_offset, ALIGN_UP(dest_erase_size, SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE));
if (error) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Erasing destination partition range failed (err=0x%x)", error);
return error;
}
uint32_t src_current_offset = src_offset;
uint32_t dest_current_offset = dest_offset;
size_t remaining_size = size;
/* Read the portion that fits in the free MMU pages */
uint32_t mmu_free_pages_count = spi_flash_mmap_get_free_pages(SPI_FLASH_MMAP_DATA);
int attempts_for_mmap = 0;
while (remaining_size > 0) {
uint32_t chunk_size = MIN(remaining_size, mmu_free_pages_count * SPI_FLASH_MMU_PAGE_SIZE);
esp_partition_mmap_handle_t src_part_map;
const void *src_data = NULL;
error = esp_partition_mmap(src_part, src_current_offset, chunk_size, ESP_PARTITION_MMAP_DATA, &src_data, &src_part_map);
if (error == ESP_OK) {
attempts_for_mmap = 0;
error = esp_partition_write(dest_part, dest_current_offset, src_data, chunk_size);
if (error != ESP_OK) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Writing to destination partition failed (err=0x%x)", error);
esp_partition_munmap(src_part_map);
break;
}
esp_partition_munmap(src_part_map);
} else {
mmu_free_pages_count = spi_flash_mmap_get_free_pages(SPI_FLASH_MMAP_DATA);
chunk_size = 0;
if (++attempts_for_mmap >= 3) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to mmap source partition after a few attempts, mmu_free_pages = %" PRIu32 " (err=0x%x)", mmu_free_pages_count, error);
break;
}
}
src_current_offset += chunk_size;
dest_current_offset += chunk_size;
remaining_size -= chunk_size;
}
return error;
}
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