Files
esp-idf/components/esp_system/ld/esp32s31/memory.ld.in
Mahavir Jain 22cc8d41c8 fix(esp_system): fixes build failure with XIP PSRAM + BSS/NoInit in external memory
Declare ext_ram_xip_seg as a distinct region overlapping drom_seg at the
same origin (the esp32s3/c5/c61/h4 pattern) instead of aliasing drom_seg,
so .ext_ram.dummy has its own location counter and .ext_ram.bss reclaims
the VMA space of NOLOAD rodata (.rodata_wlog_*), saving up to one MMU
page of PSRAM on esp32s31. No layout change on esp32p4.

Closes https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/18791
Related https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/14992
2026-07-27 11:12:37 +05:30

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/*
* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
/**
* ESP32-S31 Linker Script Memory Layout
* This file describes the memory layout (memory blocks) by virtual memory addresses.
* This linker script is passed through the C preprocessor to include configuration options.
* Please use preprocessor features sparingly!
* Restrict to simple macros with numeric values, and/or #if/#endif blocks.
*/
#include "sdkconfig.h"
#include "ld.common"
#include "ld.hp_mem_defs"
#define SRAM_START 0x2F000000
#if CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_RUN_FROM_HP_MEM
#define SRAM_SIZE (ULP_HP_MEM_START - SRAM_START)
#else
#define SRAM_SIZE (SRAM_SEG_END - SRAM_START)
#endif
#define IDROM_SEG_SIZE (CONFIG_MMU_PAGE_SIZE << 10)
MEMORY
{
#if CONFIG_APP_BUILD_USE_FLASH_SECTIONS
#if CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS
/* PSRAM mapped instruction data */
irom_seg (RX) : org = 0x50000020, len = IDROM_SEG_SIZE - 0x20
#else
/* Flash mapped instruction data */
irom_seg (RX) : org = 0x40000020, len = IDROM_SEG_SIZE - 0x20
/**
* (0x20 offset above is a convenience for the app binary image generation.
* Flash cache has 64KB pages. The .bin file which is flashed to the chip
* has a 0x18 byte file header, and each segment has a 0x08 byte segment
* header. Setting this offset makes it simple to meet the flash cache MMU's
* constraint that (paddr % 64KB == vaddr % 64KB).)
*/
#endif // CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS
#endif // CONFIG_APP_BUILD_USE_FLASH_SECTIONS
/**
* Shared data RAM, excluding memory reserved for ROM bss/data/stack.
* Enabling Bluetooth & Trace Memory features in menuconfig will decrease the amount of RAM available.
*/
sram_seg (RWX) : org = SRAM_START, len = SRAM_SIZE
#if CONFIG_APP_BUILD_USE_FLASH_SECTIONS
#if CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA
/* PSRAM mapped constant data */
drom_seg (R) : org = 0x50000020, len = IDROM_SEG_SIZE - 0x20
#else
/* Flash mapped constant data */
drom_seg (R) : org = 0x40000020, len = IDROM_SEG_SIZE - 0x20
#endif // CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA
/* (See irom_seg for meaning of 0x20 offset in the above.) */
#endif // CONFIG_APP_BUILD_USE_FLASH_SECTIONS
/**
* lp ram memory (RWX). Persists over deep sleep.
*/
#if CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_ENABLED
lp_ram_seg(RW) : org = 0x2E000000 + CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_RESERVE_MEM,
len = 0x8000 - CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_RESERVE_MEM - RESERVE_RTC_MEM
#else
lp_ram_seg(RW) : org = 0x2E000000, len = 0x8000 - RESERVE_RTC_MEM
#endif // CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_ENABLED
/* We reduced the size of lp_ram_seg by RESERVE_RTC_MEM value.
It reserves the amount of LP memory that we use for this memory segment.
This segment is intended for keeping:
- (lower addr) rtc timer data (s_rtc_timer_retain_mem, see esp_clk.c files).
- (higher addr) bootloader rtc data (s_bootloader_retain_mem, when a Kconfig option is on).
The aim of this is to keep data that will not be moved around and have a fixed address.
*/
lp_reserved_seg(RW) : org = 0x2E000000 + 0x8000 - RESERVE_RTC_MEM, len = RESERVE_RTC_MEM
/* PSRAM seg */
extern_ram_seg(RWX) : org = 0x50000000, len = IDROM_SEG_SIZE
#if CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM
/**
* Distinct region overlapping `drom_seg` at the same origin, so `.ext_ram.dummy`
* gets its own location counter and `.ext_ram.bss` can reclaim the space of
* NOLOAD rodata (e.g. `.rodata_wlog_*`).
*/
ext_ram_xip_seg(RWX) : org = 0x50000020, len = IDROM_SEG_SIZE - 0x20
#endif // CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM
}
/* Heap ends at top of dram0_0_seg */
_heap_end = 0x40000000;
REGION_ALIAS("iram_text_seg", sram_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("dram_seg", sram_seg);
/**
* The lines below define location alias for .rtc.data section
* S31 has no distinguished LP(RTC) fast and slow memory sections, instead, there is a unified LP_RAM section
* Thus, the following region segments are not configurable like on other targets
*/
REGION_ALIAS("rtc_text_seg", lp_ram_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("rtc_data_seg", lp_ram_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("rtc_slow_seg", lp_ram_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("rtc_force_fast_seg", lp_ram_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("rtc_force_slow_seg", lp_ram_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("rtc_reserved_seg", lp_reserved_seg);
#if CONFIG_APP_BUILD_USE_FLASH_SECTIONS
REGION_ALIAS("flash_text_seg", irom_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("flash_rodata_seg", drom_seg);
#else
REGION_ALIAS("flash_text_seg", sram_seg);
REGION_ALIAS("flash_rodata_seg", sram_seg);
#endif // CONFIG_APP_BUILD_USE_FLASH_SECTIONS
#if CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM
REGION_ALIAS("ext_ram_seg", ext_ram_xip_seg);
#else
REGION_ALIAS("ext_ram_seg", extern_ram_seg);
#endif //#if CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM
ALIGN_VECTOR_TABLE = 0x40;
#if CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_RUN_FROM_HP_MEM
_ulp_hp_mem_resv_start = ULP_HP_MEM_START;
_ulp_hp_mem_resv_end = ULP_HP_MEM_END;
#endif