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Guillaume Souchere 445db75612 fix(linux): implement pthread-based locks for soft-preemption safety
The Linux target's sys/lock.h provided no-op inline stubs, which was
safe only under the assumption of single-threaded execution.  With the
new FreeRTOS Linux simulator using soft preemption, an outgoing task
can still run concurrently with the incoming task until it reaches a
yield point, making no-op locks unsafe.

Replace the no-op implementation with real pthread mutexes:

- Change _lock_t from `typedef int` to `typedef void *` (pointer to a
  heap-allocated pthread_mutex_t).
- Implement all _lock_* functions in a new lock.c, supporting both
  normal and recursive mutexes.
- Zero-initialized locks are lazily created on first acquire using
  double-checked locking, preserving newlib/esp_libc semantics.
- Add lock.c unconditionally to the linux component sources and link
  pthread.
2026-06-04 11:36:34 +02:00
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