feat(esp_common): implement composable error code registration via link-time arrays

Refactor the esp_err_to_name() system to decouple esp_common from
higher-level components. Instead of a monolithic generated table,
each component registers its error codes into a dedicated linker
section (.esp_err_msg_table) via idf_define_esp_err_codes() in its
CMakeLists.txt.

New files:
- tools/err_codes_extract.py: extract ESP_ERR_* defines from headers to CSV
- tools/err_codes_to_c.py: generate C source placing entries into linker section
- tools/err_codes_to_rst.py: generate RST documentation from error codes
- tools/cmake/err_codes.cmake: CMake module providing idf_define_esp_err_codes()
- components/esp_common/include/esp_err_codes.h: esp_err_msg_t typedef
- components/esp_common/src/esp_err_to_name_new.c: new lookup using link-time array
- tools/test_apps/build_system/err_codes_check/: CI test app

Changes:
- Remove all optional component dependencies from esp_common/CMakeLists.txt
- Add .esp_err_msg_table section to all 5 linker scripts
- Register error codes in 18 components via idf_define_esp_err_codes()
- Add new scripts to .gitlab/ci/rules.yml build_check patterns
- use new scripts to generate doc and add CI validation
- Update esp_err.rst to add description of composable code registration

tools/cmake/project.cmake

@@ -831,13 +831,29 @@ macro(project project_name)
         COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${project_elf_src}
         VERBATIM)
     add_custom_target(_project_elf_src DEPENDS "${project_elf_src}")
+
+    # On the Linux (host) target the standard GNU ld processes static archives
+    # in a single left-to-right pass, which fails when component libraries (or
+    # their transitive dependencies such as the mbedtls sub-libraries) have
+    # circular symbol references.  Wrap all archives in --start-group /
+    # --end-group so the linker re-scans until every symbol is resolved.
+    if(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX AND NOT CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
+        string(CONCAT _link_exe_template
+            "<CMAKE_C_COMPILER> <FLAGS> <CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS> <LINK_FLAGS>"
+            " <OBJECTS> -o <TARGET>"
+            " -Wl,--start-group <LINK_LIBRARIES> -Wl,--end-group")
+        set(CMAKE_C_LINK_EXECUTABLE "${_link_exe_template}")
+        string(REPLACE "<CMAKE_C_COMPILER>" "<CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER>"
+            _link_exe_template "${_link_exe_template}")
+        string(REPLACE "<CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS>" "<CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS>"
+            _link_exe_template "${_link_exe_template}")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_LINK_EXECUTABLE "${_link_exe_template}")
+        unset(_link_exe_template)
+    endif()
+
     add_executable(${project_elf} "${project_elf_src}")
     add_dependencies(${project_elf} _project_elf_src)
 
-    if(__PROJECT_GROUP_LINK_COMPONENTS)
-        target_link_libraries(${project_elf} PRIVATE "-Wl,--start-group")
-    endif()
-
     if(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_LINUX AND CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
         # Compiling for the host, and the host is macOS, so the linker is Darwin LD.
         # Note, when adding support for Clang and LLD based toolchain this check will
@@ -847,6 +863,10 @@ macro(project project_name)
         set(linker_type "GNU")
     endif()
 
+    if(__PROJECT_GROUP_LINK_COMPONENTS)
+        target_link_libraries(${project_elf} PRIVATE "-Wl,--start-group")
+    endif()
+
     if(test_components)
         if(linker_type STREQUAL "GNU")
             target_link_libraries(${project_elf} PRIVATE "-Wl,--whole-archive")