diff --git a/components/pthread/pthread_local_storage.c b/components/pthread/pthread_local_storage.c
index 80b562edb53..a9e17a7a680 100644
--- a/components/pthread/pthread_local_storage.c
+++ b/components/pthread/pthread_local_storage.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017-2026 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
@@ -72,17 +72,21 @@ int pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *key, pthread_destructor_t destructor)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static key_entry_t *find_key(pthread_key_t key)
+static bool lookup_key(pthread_key_t key, pthread_destructor_t *destructor_out)
 {
     portENTER_CRITICAL(&s_keys_lock);
-    key_entry_t *result = NULL;;
-    SLIST_FOREACH(result, &s_keys, next) {
-        if (result->key == key) {
-            break;
+    key_entry_t *entry;
+    SLIST_FOREACH(entry, &s_keys, next) {
+        if (entry->key == key) {
+            if (destructor_out != NULL) {
+                *destructor_out = entry->destructor;
+            }
+            portEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_keys_lock);
+            return true;
         }
     }
     portEXIT_CRITICAL(&s_keys_lock);
-    return result;
+    return false;
 }
 
 int pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t key)
@@ -94,7 +98,12 @@ int pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t key)
        and delete any values associated with this key. We do not do this...
     */
 
-    key_entry_t *entry = find_key(key);
+    key_entry_t *entry = NULL;
+    SLIST_FOREACH(entry, &s_keys, next) {
+        if (entry->key == key) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
     if (entry != NULL) {
         SLIST_REMOVE(&s_keys, entry, key_entry_t_, next);
         free(entry);
@@ -138,9 +147,9 @@ static void pthread_cleanup_thread_specific_data_callback(int index, void *v_tls
         // This is a little slow, walking the linked list of keys once per value,
         // but assumes that the thread's value list will have less entries
         // than the keys list
-        key_entry_t *key = find_key(entry->key);
-        if (key != NULL && key->destructor != NULL) {
-            key->destructor(entry->value);
+        pthread_destructor_t destructor = NULL;
+        if (lookup_key(entry->key, &destructor) && destructor != NULL) {
+            destructor(entry->value);
         }
         free(entry);
     }
@@ -196,8 +205,7 @@ void *pthread_getspecific(pthread_key_t key)
 
 int pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t key, const void *value)
 {
-    key_entry_t *key_entry = find_key(key);
-    if (key_entry == NULL) {
+    if (!lookup_key(key, NULL)) {
         return ENOENT; // this situation is undefined by pthreads standard
     }
 
diff --git a/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/include/ulp_fsm_common.h b/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/include/ulp_fsm_common.h
index 306eb59ea04..881067d4c30 100644
--- a/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/include/ulp_fsm_common.h
+++ b/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/include/ulp_fsm_common.h
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ esp_err_t ulp_process_macros_and_load(uint32_t load_addr, const ulp_insn_t* prog
  * @return
  *      - ESP_OK on success
  *      - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if load_addr is out of range
- *      - ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE if program_size doesn't match (TEXT_OFFSET + TEXT_SIZE + DATA_SIZE)
+ *      - ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE if program_size doesn't match (TEXT_OFFSET + TEXT_SIZE + DATA_SIZE),
+ *        or if TEXT_SIZE + DATA_SIZE + BSS_SIZE exceeds the reserved ULP memory region
  *      - ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the magic number is incorrect
  */
 esp_err_t ulp_load_binary(uint32_t load_addr, const uint8_t* program_binary, size_t program_size);
diff --git a/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/ulp.c b/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/ulp.c
index 6d7406fd823..092db6abd40 100644
--- a/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/ulp.c
+++ b/components/ulp/ulp_fsm/ulp.c
@@ -154,6 +154,13 @@ esp_err_t ulp_load_binary(uint32_t load_addr, const uint8_t* program_binary, siz
     }
 
     size_t text_data_size = header.text_size + header.data_size;
+    if (text_data_size > CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_RESERVE_MEM - load_addr_bytes) {
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE;
+    }
+    if ((size_t) header.bss_size > CONFIG_ULP_COPROC_RESERVE_MEM - load_addr_bytes - text_data_size) {
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE;
+    }
+
     uint8_t* base = (uint8_t*) RTC_SLOW_MEM;
 
     memcpy(base + load_addr_bytes, program_binary + header.text_offset, text_data_size);