diff --git a/src/receive_imf.rs b/src/receive_imf.rs
index f9a7a8100..87773ddf7 100644
--- a/src/receive_imf.rs
+++ b/src/receive_imf.rs
@@ -2031,6 +2031,7 @@ async fn add_parts(
         }
     }
     if !mime_parser.incoming && !context.get_config_bool(Config::TeamProfile).await? {
+        let mut missing_rfc724_mid = None;
         let mut updated_chats = BTreeMap::new();
         let mut archived_chats_maybe_noticed = false;
         for report in &mime_parser.mdn_reports {
@@ -2040,6 +2041,7 @@ async fn add_parts(
                 .chain(&report.additional_message_ids)
             {
                 let Some(msg_id) = rfc724_mid_exists(context, msg_rfc724_mid).await? else {
+                    missing_rfc724_mid.get_or_insert(msg_rfc724_mid.as_str());
                     continue;
                 };
                 let Some(msg) = Message::load_from_db_optional(context, msg_id).await? else {
@@ -2098,6 +2100,11 @@ chat_id=? AND
         if archived_chats_maybe_noticed {
             context.on_archived_chats_maybe_noticed();
         }
+        ensure!(
+            missing_rfc724_mid.is_none(),
+            "Self-MDN: {} not found (SKIP_DEVICE_MSG)",
+            missing_rfc724_mid.unwrap_or(""),
+        );
     }
 
     let hidden = mime_parser.parts.iter().all(|part| part.is_reaction);
diff --git a/src/receive_imf/receive_imf_tests.rs b/src/receive_imf/receive_imf_tests.rs
index f36295717..eccf4d745 100644
--- a/src/receive_imf/receive_imf_tests.rs
+++ b/src/receive_imf/receive_imf_tests.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ use crate::contact;
 use crate::imap::prefetch_should_download;
 use crate::imex::{ImexMode, imex};
 use crate::key;
+use crate::message::markseen_msgs;
 use crate::securejoin::get_securejoin_qr;
+use crate::smtp;
 use crate::test_utils::{
     TestContext, TestContextManager, alice_keypair, get_chat_msg, mark_as_verified,
 };
@@ -2655,6 +2657,32 @@ async fn test_read_receipts_dont_unmark_bots() -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
+async fn test_self_mdn_before_msg() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut tcm = TestContextManager::new();
+    let alice = &tcm.alice().await;
+    let bob = &tcm.bob().await;
+    let bob2 = &tcm.bob().await;
+    let alice_chat = alice.create_chat(bob).await;
+
+    let sent = alice.send_text(alice_chat.id, "hi").await;
+    let msg = bob.recv_msg(&sent).await;
+    msg.chat_id.accept(bob).await?;
+    markseen_msgs(bob, vec![msg.id]).await?;
+    smtp::queue_mdn(bob).await?;
+    let sent_mdn = bob.pop_sent_msg().await;
+
+    let Err(err) = receive_imf(bob2, sent_mdn.payload().as_bytes(), false).await else {
+        unreachable!();
+    };
+    assert!(format!("{err:#}").contains("(SKIP_DEVICE_MSG)"));
+    let msg = bob2.recv_msg(&sent).await;
+    assert_eq!(msg.get_state(), MessageState::InFresh);
+    bob2.recv_msg_trash(&sent_mdn).await;
+    assert_eq!(msg.id.get_state(bob2).await?, MessageState::InSeen);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
 async fn test_gmx_forwarded_msg() -> Result<()> {
     let t = TestContext::new_alice().await;